Crime and Pun Moral Evasion in Lolita - Literature Essay Samples

You can always count on a murderer for a fancy prose style. So says Humbert Humbert at the start of Lolita in his account to the Ladies and gentlemen of the jury (9). He refers to himself as a murderer (he is, after all, guilty of killing Quilty), not as a rapist, the far more serious offense Lolita levels at him. That I, and everyone else who reads the book, call Dolores Haze by the name Lolita demonstrates the efficacy of Humberts fancy prose style under the spell of his aesthetic mastery, we, the jury, must bend to his subjective vision through memory, and thus we see the twelve-year-old nymphet as Lolita, as she is in Humberts arms. It is difficult to castigate Humbert when we see the world through his European eyes.Humberts main strength is his sense of humor. Nabokov is sure to throw Humberts way all the American kitsch he can handle mostly in the form of Charlotte Haze. His sly insults sail over her head, but Humbert wins our approval by making sure we understand them. Similarly, we admire him because we must recognize that he is above us, too untangling Vladimir Nabokov from Vivian Darkbloom may seem easy once it has been pointed out, but there are scores more that are worth the readers time (or not, as the case may be). His graceful facility with other languages mocks our desire to have his control over English, not even his native tongue (or Nabokovs). His humor constantly deflects attention from the seriousness of his crime. When Humbert calls himself a pentapod, the image of him as a sexual predator is offset by the work we must do to appreciate the inventive coinage of the word. His poetry obscures his perversity; he is not the rapist Freud is the(rapist). Humbert is always moving us sideways with his playful and conscious malapropian language, watering his car by his west-door neighbors. Humanity is defined by its capacity to play, the demonstration of an individual freedom which has no value for anyone else. But Humberts play ha s value for us, since we are enchanted as youthful readers (Nabokov believes that all stories should be fairy tales of some sort), just as Humberts play attempts to keep Lolita forever young. Humberts poetry even lets down his guard at times, drawing us further to his side: And presently I was driving through the drizzle of the dying day, with the windshield wipers in full action but unable to cope with my tears (280).Humberts control over language also extends to his control over the novel and, one might argue, over the actual events. At an inconsequential moment, Humbert writes Doublecrosser, [Lolita] said as I crawled downstairs rubbing my arm with a great show of rue (65). Charlotte is struck by a car crossing the street, and this event was foreshadowed by Humbert nearly hitting a dog when he first pulled up to the house the double fatal crossing of the street (there is also a dominant motif of doubling throughout the novel, Nabokovs parody of the European doppelganger tale, but for our purposes we will look only at its relationship to the street). This may seem a stretch, but rue is also French for street. This precision makes us wonder if Humbert is fabricating parts of his story. The number 342 recurs constantly, as house numbers, hotel room numbers, days on the road, and so on, and can be viewed as either a series of fatidic checkpoints through which Humbert must travel, or as his authorial revision of the events within his prison. In either case, the reader is the true prisoner, caught up in Humberts web and turning him from anti-hero to hero. We cannot judge him harshly; the true punishment he receives for his crime is not imprisonment but coronary thrombosis (3), or a broken heart. This, too, told to us in the foreword, only brings us closer to the silver-tongued rapist.

The Evolution Of The Current Celebrity System Through...

Abstract Recognizing and understanding the evolution of the current celebrity system through parasocial interaction is the focus of this study. This paper utilized an empirical generalization literature review through content analysis. For future research, a qualitative method using a sample survey of fans and celebrities will be employed. The benefits and drawbacks of the relationship between fans and celebrities were studied in regard to parasocial interaction. From the literature review, four primary empirical generalizations emerge: parasocial interaction is seen universally and performed across platforms, amplifies with increased participation, help fans meet emotional needs and amplifies feelings of social loneliness. These findings†¦show more content†¦For example, a person who follows personal and professional Benedict Cumberbatch life while Cumberbatch remains unaware of the interest from said person. Employing an empirical generalization literature review will help narrow d own the concept and open up potential directions for forthcoming research to be conducted. More specifically, this paper will discuss the current status of research literature on parasocial interaction, will debate the positive and negative affects of the subject and will suggest the expansion of parasocial interaction to other forms of fan and celebrity contact. Literature Review For the purposes of this literature review, parasocial interaction, also interchangeable with the term parasocial relationship, is defined as the imagined relationship between fans and celebrities – alive or fictional (Bocarnea Brown, 2007). To be clear, the celebrity system is not a unique form of status (Miller, 2010). Celebrity fame has always been part social background, performativity, public relations and a little magic. Past research compares the current celebrity system to that of Greek Olympics or Elizabeth drama. Although the celebrity status is more fluid it is reminisce of an Indian caste system, which the theory of status is found upon. Ultimately, the past should not be forgotten when considering where the media status system is going (Milner, 2010), and how that will affect the relationship and dynamic

Negative Effects Of Instagram - 1439 Words

Social media: a blessing or a burden? It gives the ability to like, comment and interact with any person at any time. A platform with recent growth and popularity, Instagram, reaches copious amounts people. Expectedly so, controversy has arisen from the decade of social media and this form in particular. Research has found Instagram to have the highest overall negative effect on mental health (Cramer Inkster, 2017). Through analyzing human psyche and critiquing data, this paper will seek to explain the negative mental health outcomes resulting from the use of Instagram. Literature Review Being so contemporary, social media’s effects are only recently being discovered. Research conducted by Shirley Cramer and Dr. Becky Inkster indicates†¦show more content†¦As the drastic increase of social media networks has increased, so too has the cyberbullying prevalence. Merriam-Webster defines cyberbullying as the electronic posting of mean-spirited messages about a person often done anonymously. Kassandra Gahagan and her fellow colleagues studied cyberbullying among students and its outcomes. Studies show higher rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors with victims of cyberbullying, along with higher rates of depression, anxiety and paranoia (Gahagan, Vaterlaus Frost, 2015). While cyberbullying can be both intentional or unintentional, it is a negative process which effects the victim. This includes comments, posts without consent and messages. The study conducted sought to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying among young adults and the negative outcomes through asking three questions. While cyberbullying continues to be an ongoing controversy, depression is steadily increasing among social media users. Munmun Choudhury and fellow colleagues studied negative affiliation of social media and mental health, predicting depression through social media use. In another study, Instagram was found to have a high decrease in quality and amount of sleep (Cramer Inkster, 2017). This in turn effects the user’s mental stability. The study found users showing signs of depression tend to be active during the evening and nightShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Using Instagram On High School Students Academic Studies1001 Words   |  5 PagesRESEARCH TASK – LO The Effect of Using INSTAGRAM on High School Students Academic Studies Part 2: Proposal By: Avrami Nossel Hypothesis: Students who use Instagram will put less effort into school work and will achieve lower marks in academics than those who do not use Instagram. Aim: To determine the effect of high school students’ using Instagram on their ability to spend time and effort on school work and achieve academically. Introduction: Instagram is a fast growing popularRead MoreThe Issue Proposal : Social Media1229 Words   |  5 PagesOnline Etymology Dictionary). Social media is defined â€Å"as websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking† industry (Online Etymology Dictionary)†. Websites such as Facebook, Myspace, Instagram, Twitter, Skype, Snapshot, Pinterest, and the E-mail makes it possible to stay in touch with family and friends. It’s obvious that our world has changed dramatically. People use the social media for everything, for example many people the use socialRead MoreInfluences Of Social Media Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagesamongst people who are â€Å"technologically advanced.† Though there is a wide variety of social sites that can be accessed through modern day technology, a few have become very popular. Social sites which have become widely popular among teens include Instagram, Tumblr, and Snapchat. These social networking sites provide instant social connection and emotional support while letting teens post and send pictures of their everyday life. Many teens look towards social media for emotional support and socialRead MoreSocial Media Disadvantages1246 Words   |  5 Pagescommunicate anywhere and at any time. Some people think that it is beneficial to have in society. Although, many people are starting to see negative effects arise from the use of social media as well. These negative effects are increasing and becoming more problematic every day. The disadvantages of social media far outweigh the advantages. Social media effects everyone in society, especially teenagers by negatively impacting their lives, face-to-face interactions, and mental health. Social mediaRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the years that I have used social media, the sites have had a myriad effect on me. As expected these effects cut across both sides; some are positive effects while others are negative effects. However, the power of social media cannot be underestimated. With the ever increasing technological awareness among people, there is a possibility that the world will be connected through the social media. Twitter and Instagram are the top social media platform that I use frequently. Essentially TwitterRead MoreEffects Of Social Networking Sites On Relationships1528 Words   |  7 Pages Effects of Social Networking Sites on Relationships Several studies have found that using social networking sites excessively, including partner surveillance and monitoring, posting ambiguous information, and compulsive internet use, can be detrimental to romantic relationships (Ridgway Clayton, 2016). Social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, negatively influence our relationships. It is important to know the common conflicts and how to avoid them. It is alsoRead MoreA Photograph On Instagram, And The Scourge Of The Selfie1291 Words   |  6 Pagestechnological advances cross a line? With social media ranging from Facebook and Twitter to Instagram and Tumblr, do these media sites promote egotistical behavior? In January of 2013, John Paul Titlow discusses some of the disadvantages and advantages that Instagram has in his essay: â€Å"#Me: Instagram Narcissism and the Scourge of the Selfie† that was posted on a website called ReadWrite. Although Instagram was primarily created to simply share pictures , it has evolved to do much more than that. SomeRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn the twenty-first century, social media plays an extensive part in most people’s lives. Instagram, Twitter, and many other social networks can cause adverse psychological harm and even lead to physical harm. Although many may argue that social media pertains to be useful, there prove to be more harmful aspects rather than helpful aspects of these media sites. These effects are not only psychological, but they may also be physical. Not only do social networks cause depression, anxiety, and cyberbullyingRead MoreThe Main Theory Of This Given Article Is About How Much1318 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavioral responses to likes on a social media site, Instagram, a popular photo-sharing application and how their peer influence affects them. Social media is very popular and there have been several questions speculating whether or not social media has effects on interper sonal skills, social skills, development, and interactions between young adults. These certain questions revolve around the question whether or not social media has an effect on the developing brain. There are neural mechanismsRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Young Girls And Women Alike1474 Words   |  6 Pages(Bandura, 1997). This belief that these body types are achievable can lead to females being dissatisfied within their own skin. The result of the discontent can potentially lead to eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction occurs when views of the body are negative and involves a perceived discrepancy between a person s assessment of their actual and ideal body (Cash and Szymanski, 1995 and Grogan, 2008). It is estimated that approximately 50% of adolescent girls report being unhappy with their bodies (Bearman

The Effects Of Fracking On The Environment Essay - 1782 Words

It’s Time to Quit Frackin’ Around In this research paper we will cuss and discuss the effects that â€Å"Hydraulic Fracturing† has had on the environment, the economy, and human life in general. This will be essential in rationalizing the overall effects it has had on the planet Earth, and those therein. This paper will also examine how â€Å"Fracking† works, and it will bring to light the good, the bad, and the ugly. The truth about fracking is that it is quickly becoming a nightmare for both the environment and humans alike, because there aren’t enough state or federal policies to help monitor and reduce the pollution it creates. We are currently in the second decade of this twenty-first century, and the United States has discovered a new type of energy. It is affordable, it burns somewhat cleaner than the other fossil fuels, and there’s so much of it that it could possibly last us over one-hundred years. Only a decade earlier, just the sma llest sliver of the United States citizens had ever heard of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. Presently, it is easily one of the most explosive environmental topics alight. Previously, wells that were built for this type of shale gas extraction have quickly spread through various areas of the country. This expansion, many argue, outpaces the science available to fully understand its potential impacts. Whether or not fracking is allowed to continue spreading without vast harm to the environment is one of the many questions researchersShow MoreRelatedFracking : Fracking And Its Effects On The Environment1286 Words   |  6 Pagesfracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is a widespread practice in the United States. Fracking is a method used to extract oil and natural gas. Scientists and citizens report detrimental side effects of hydraulic drilling. New York and Vermont have banned fracking statewide. Maryland has set a two year moratorium on fracking, so that more research ca n be done to show the impacts of fracking on the environment. Nationwide, many other cities and counties have banned fracking as well. All states shouldRead MoreFracking And Its Effects On The Environment856 Words   |  4 PagesFracking is one the most recent and efficient methods to create energy. In order to obtain this controversial natural gas, new jobs are created in rural areas, and as expected, electric bills decreased. Furthermore, Fracking creates enormous amounts of gas at an inexpensive price making the production of any other form of energy practically obsolete. Although not all countries or states in the United States think alike, some of them dispute the claim that fracking negatively affects the environmentRead MoreFracking And Its Effects On The Environment1443 Words   |  6 Pageswhat experts and passionate amateurs alike have been debating about fracking, also known as hydraulic fracturing.. Although it has the potential to be a very lucrative process, presently fracking is far too detrimental to the environment, for example Southern Illinois’ Shawnee National Forest, for any environmentally conscious human being to be supportive of until there is a large change in the way the process affects the environment. Hydraulic fracturing is â€Å"the process of injecting liquid at highRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Environment1267 Words   |  6 Pagespeople arguing for the good and bad of it. This paper will examine views from both sides, its effects on the environment, review journal entries, and then show the conclusion reached about this process. The process you might have guessed that I am referring to is that of hydraulic fracturing or otherwise known as fracking by most people. First let me explain what this process involves and how it works. Fracking involves using a 99.5% sand, water, and special chemical additive to help bore through rockRead More Fracking and its Effect on the Environment Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as fracking. Natural gas is a flammable gas mixture consisting of methane and several other hydrocarbons that occur naturally underground. Natural gas is used as fuel for heating, cooking, and even in some automobiles like the â€Å"RideOn† buses. This technique has only recently become economically feasible with the rising prices of fossil fuels, and there is much potential for recovering natural gas through fracking. However, fracking has many waste products and unusual side effects caused byRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On The Environment And Citizens1715 Words   |  7 PagesAs Americans search for alternatives to purchasing oil and gas from overseas, the increase of fracking to extract compressed natural gas has risen dramatically. Remarkably, the public can only access limited research from independent scientists who list both the negative and the positive effects fracking is having on the environment and citizens’ health (Rosenberg, Phartiyal, Goldman, Branscomb, 2014, p. 75). Moreover, the American public and their elected officials are denied the chance to makeRead MoreThe Effects of Fracking on the Environment Essay913 Words   |  4 Pages While it is true â€Å"fracking†, a procedure to obtain natural gas removal from shale formations, it is also true there have been infrastructure security issues associated with this practice. Furthermore, there have been ecological considerations from fracking brought to the forefront by countless environmentalists. Indeed, hydraulic fracturing, as it is referred to, is a process by which shale gas and oil is uprooted from a depth far below the earth’s exterior. The process of extracting shale gasRead MoreEffects Of Frac king On The Environment And Human Health1208 Words   |  5 PagesAustralia to supply all of Australia at current levels for more than 6130 years. Fracking extracts hydrocarbons from previously inaccessible sources of oil and gas using hydraulically pressurised liquid to fracture rock and release gas trapped in coal seams (Hester, R Harrison, R). This gas was once unprofitable because it was expensive and difficult to extract. The benefits and also the side effects of fracking need to be considered including whether the economic benefits outweigh the environmentalRead MoreThe Effects Of Fracking On Environmental Impacts On The Environment1094 Words   |  5 PagesSubstantial societal concerns regarding fracking s environmental impacts have been raised. Firstly, the water requirements are significant, with an average of 20 million litres used per well. This is 50-100 times more water than in conventional natural gas extraction. An increase in fracking may exacerbate current global water stress due to pollution, climate change and population growth (Kim 2014). In addition to this, the water mixtures used in fracking contain an average of 200 000 litres ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Fracking On The United States Economy And Leaving A Harmful Footprint Behind The Environment2007 Words   |  9 Pagesthe need without ever reaching satisfaction (Erich Fromm). Introduction Fracking is a complex political topic; nonetheless, fracking is showing a positive impact on the United States economy and leaving a harmful footprint behind the environment. In addition, consumers are experiencing a significant amount of savings due to the overwhelming supplies of oil; thus, the revolution in new technology is triggering an improper fracking system that contributes to airborne pollution and water contamination

The View Of American History - 929 Words

Imagine being afraid for your life because of a rumor going around in your town and the end result was death. In Salem, Massachusetts there was a group of girls with Abigail the voice of the group. They would accuse people of doing witchcraft. The community would be afraid of this issue, that they would be more bias towards the situation. They would only take the church in an opinion on how to settle the issue. The view of American history the filmmakers are trying to get across is how the state and church were not separate in Salem, Massachusetts. The community in Salem had the same laws, rules for both church and state, they believed that they needed to compile towards what God’s laws were. It was an issue in the year 1692, when the Salem witchcraft trials occurred in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts where people were being accused of allegedly performing witchcraft. The people in Salem were Christians and if someone’s behaviors threaten their religion or God, i t would be a major threat towards the community of Salem. It would be a major concern towards the people because it can affect their community and their safety. They would believe in only in God for good and the devil for bad. In the year 1692 the people of Salem were puritans, their clothes would be modest and handmade. In the Crucible the outfits they wore were similar to what they wore back in the year 1692. They made the background in the Crucible very detail having the houses made out of wood and havingShow MoreRelated Societal Views on Interracialism Throughout American History6209 Words   |  25 Pagestranscended generations, as well as cultures. It is a subject that, historically, has held the potential to incite savage racial discrimination, loathing, and violence. Indeed, even in today’s significantly more enlightened and politically correct views on race, interracial relationships and individuals still possess the potential to make many uncomfortable. Two historical periods in which racial topics, including interracialism, were the source of much social unrest are the eras of the pre-CivilRead MoreHistory essay Using these four passages and your own knowledge, asses the view that Japan was driven into war with the western powers in 1941 by American policies.1502 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿History essay Using these four passages and your own knowledge, asses the view that Japan was driven into war with the western powers in 1941 by American policies. Both interpretations B and D prove that America was the only driving force that caused a war in the Pacific. The oil embargo that America enforced in 1940 was an incentive for Japan, a country very reliant on imports of which most primarily came from America feeding its daily usage of 12,000 tons of oil,to declare war on the countryRead MoreRepresentation of Text History and Memory.1074 Words   |  5 PagesHistory is the compilation of events and peoples perspective in events, all meshed up into a montage to create a definitive account of events. The Smithsonian website created by the American government shows a compelling selection of objects images and personal stories from the events of September 11 for the public to view at any time on the internet. Loose change is a documentary by Dylan Avery which has an opposing perspective to that of the terrorists attacking America. Both texts provide a recountRead More`` Bars Fight `` By Lucy Terry923 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout hist ory, Native Americans in early America have been viewed as primitive and violent people. Artwork often depicts them engaging in barbaric behavior such as eating other humans and engaging in violent wars. However, this view of early Native Americans has been created by the works of people belonging to the â€Å"civilized world† of early America. Lucy Terry’s poem â€Å"Bars Fight† retells the story of when a group of Indians attacked two families that she knew. Terry’s work can be compared toRead MoreEssay Interpretations of American History600 Words   |  3 PagesInterpretations of American History The world is full of rich culture, diversity and experiences unique to each individual. When determining the validity of historic accounts we must factor in that particular historian’s point of view, which should be characterized by ethnicity, idealogy, theoretical or methodological preference. With these factors views of the past often vary from person to person. In this essay I will be discussing the four different stages that shaped the writing of American history over theRead MoreAmerica’s View on Immigration638 Words   |  3 PagesAmerica’s View on Immigration Americans, in the late 1800s and beginning of the 1900s, had a diversity of views about immigration and the immigrants. The United States of America, a nation of immigrants, had been welcoming to immigration in the 1800-1900’s. Thomas Page, a professor of the University of Virginia said, â€Å"Until the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the attitude of the press and of the public men in the United States was with few exceptions strongly favorable to immigration. † Read MoreUnruly Americans And The Origins Of The Constitution1677 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose behind the book Unruly Americans and the Origins of the Constitution, by Woody Holton is to demonstrate the authors view on the true intent of the Framers when writing the Constitution. Although at first glance the book may seem to uphold the idea that the framers wrote the Constitution in order to protect civil liberties, Holton has a different opinion. To avoid a one sided book, the author not only looks at the framers intent, but the struggles facing the American people. This book emphasizesRead More Native American and The US government Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesNative American and The US government The Iroquois Nation was a nation of five tribes, which was comprised of Mohawks, Senecas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Onondagas. These tribes were originally separated, but later brought together by two Indians named Hiawatha and Deganawidah. Hiawatha seemed to be the spokesman while Deganawidah took on the role as a philosopher. These two men formed a nation where some of the ideas are still intact today. One aspect that made them so strong was the wayRead More Howard Zinns A Review of A People’s History of The United States1212 Words   |  5 Pages A Review of A People’s History of The United States   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A People’s History of the United States concentrates on the personal experiences and struggles of people who lived in the United States from 1492-present. It is a view of history from the common man’s perspective, rather than the view of the leaders and upper class of this country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book revolves around the views of history from the oppressed point of view. Howard Zinn makes it clear from the beginning thatRead MoreThe White Man s Burden By Daniel Richter1083 Words   |  5 PagesNative Americans have been around for many of years. They were around for 10,000-30,000 years. This proves them to be the one of the first civilizations to begin in our country. In Daniel Richter’s prologue, he describes Native Americans in terms of â€Å"agency† through discussing their agriculture, culture, and civilization as a whole. The Never forgotten article portrays the tragedy of the Native American population through discussing their negative stereotypes and the â€Å"White Man’s Burden†. As a result

Export Instability and Economic Development

Question: Discuss about the Export Instability and Economic Development. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the economic development which is based on the elaboration of the financial wealth which are associated with the countries or communities for the welfare of the people. It can be done from the policy perspectives or an economic development point of view (Blakely and Leigh, 2013). It can also be defined as some reasonable efforts that can help in improving the economic welfare and also improve the necessary quality of life for the society. This is done by developing or retaining work of people and also supporting incomes and the central base for tax (Coale and Hoover, 2015). Economic development There are significant differences that exist between economic development and growth. The term growth in the economy is related to the rising of particular measures such as real kind of national income or gross domestic product. National income can be expressed regarding calculation of value added results which can be aggregated based on the local economic known as GDP. So when GDP of any country increases economists calls it economic growth (Blakely and Leigh, 2013). Also, the term economic development is something else and much more than economic growth (Blakely and Leigh, 2013). It means improvement in a various kind of indicators like literacy rates or life expectancy. In fact, it is considered as a measure based on economic welfare that does not base on significant aspects like leisure time, freedom, and social justice. On the other hand, economic growth of any particular measure is not enough for economic development. The term economic development is often utilized in the local sense as well since it aims at recruitment of various operations in business to a particular region and it is based on the retention of business functions within a region or assisting in many new companies (Coale and Hoover, 2015). Moreover, there are also the needs of many groups in a constituency that consistently guide economic developer and their action. For instance, when a local developer is functioning in the office of mayor then he can act towards diminishing the level of unemployment by gaining the attention of business which has the huge need for labor. The Economic Developer also works in the chamber of commerce which is mainly dominated by banks, utilities that will select producer with significant capital-based investments (Duflo, 2012). At the same time, an economic developer who is functioning for many state manufacturers will also lobby for increased workforce and training money. He will also focus on many new businesses particularly those who are based on intellectual property which is developed by the colleges. There are three vital areas in the concept of economic development discussed in detail as below: These are the policies that any government takes to meet many broad economic based goals like stability in prices, high rate employment, increased tax base and growth related to sustainability. These kinds of efforts also consist of monetary as well as many fiscal policies; then there is regulation of many financial institutions and tax policies (Lockwood, 2015). Programs and policies also provide a significant infrastructure and various kinds of services like parks, highways, housing and many education-based projects. It is also directed towards the creation of job as well as retaining through some extraordinary efforts in finances, small new businesses, development in neighborhood and development in general. It also consists of retention of business and its overall expansion, transfer in technology, workforce training, and development in real estate. The third part is the primary attention of economic development working people (Lockwood, 2015). The concept of economic development which is, therefore, is imperative for the economics on a society level, have also evolved in last few years into a full-fledged industry of high expertise and practitioners. There are two important roles for the professionals where one aims at providing leadership in the formulation of policies, and in other, there are administer program and projects. The professionals in this concept work in a public office or local level office or semi government company (MacBean, 2011). Such companies operate as single entities and in few cases as a department of a local body. The primary role is to seek out new kind opportunities and at the same time also retain the wealth in existing business. There are more twenty thousand professional who work worldwide in the current highly specialized industry. The competition is intense between the states and communities. Primary attention is given too many functions which are undertaken by an organization that helps them compete and at the same time also sustain in the vibrant societies. Also, the usage of community that is profiling for tools and database also calculate the assets of the community versus another kind of communities which also happens to a major factor of the concept of economic development. Creation of job, various economic output, and rise in taxable kind are many common types of tools that can be measured (MacBean, 2011). While focusing on the measurement, too much attention is also placed on the professional involved in economic development for not creating any jobs. But in reality, the economic developers do not participate in the creation of employment, but it facilitates the process for many existing businesses and new businesses. This is why it is important that economic developers must ensure there are enough economic and community-based development programs which help in assisting the business to accomplish the objectives. Such kinds of programs are commonly related to policies and can be domestic, statewide and also national in nature (Dob b, 2012). Why have some countries have improved their living standard considerably over the last two decades while others continue to remain impoverished? The main result of the world economy is expanding at a very fast rate in past many years; the advantages of development and growth have just reached the developing countries to a very limited rate. This is not because of any failure in developing countries since the group shares the concept of general economic expansion. The income per capita is also rising but at a low rate per year, but it can be faster than the past (Dobb, 2012). The overall failure lies in many distribution based patterns of previous development which left the poor groups primarily external to the sphere of expansion and improvement of material. There are two kinds of aspects in this concept. First is related to important kind of development which is recorded of the third world and it conceals the fact that many poor or developing countries contains and it is also based on the maximum concentration of the world, and this further leads to experience which will not increase much. Secondly, there is so many examples that the process of growth comes under way in many developing economies are such that overall incomes of poor group rise at a slower rate than the average (Sumner, 2012). The overall debate is also discussed around the design of different policies to offset different trends. Some proponents can be considered with the main aim to be the driver of development in some developing countries along with a particular kind of concession for the poor. Then there is other who provides a larger weight on different policies to improve the distribution internally which is based on income. There are certain differences in the growth and development of the economy. For this, one needs to take care of the regional sense as well the recruitment of the business operations, assisting in the expansions or the business retention. The economic models are set for act which leads to the decrease in the unemployment by attracting the needs of the labor. The work is also for the commercial chambers that is d ominated by the banks, utilities or the other real estate agents. The economic developer tends to work on the state manufacturing association with lobbying for increase in the workforce training money. The economic development for any university is set through the policies that the government tends to undertake to meet the economic objectives like the stability of price, higher employment and the expansion of the tax based services. It also includes direct measurement which is done to satisfy the needs of disadvantaged groups (Sumner, 2012). The challenge has been discussed with many so far which qualitative in terms while trying to translate the international targets for removing the poverty rate into more particular strategy and where feasibility can be tested. The current situation also suggests a framework which is quantitative for analysis, and it also derives some most important conclusion from it (Bixler and Porse, 2011). However, it is not right for a statistical basis for a n analysis which is formal of central relationships involved. Also, there has been a lot of progress in the past sometimes in many areas as well like: The measurement and overall definition of many incidences of poverty are based on using the physical and monetary based indexes. Internationally securing the comparable data on many income based level which is also based on comparisons associated with the purchasing power (Bixler and Porse, 2011). Calculation of the distribution of consumption and revenue within some developing countries. It can be concluded from some researchers that the comparison of many different approaches to reduction of poverty and rise in development also the implication for global and national actions (Bixler and Porse, 2011). The experimental nature is also considered, and it is based on the nature of some underlying assumptions which shows that it builds on the combination of many approaches. It is also related to national and international kind of actions which is more likely to gain success by decreasing the rate of poverty than just the exclusive dependence on any one of all. The process discussed helps in estimating the level of poverty in every country which utilizes an income level that shows some comparable levels related to purchasing power. It was found that use of any purchasing power ratios decreases the primary difference that exists between the cases based on poverty in developing countries compared to developing countries (Giddens, 2013). The level of poverty in any country entirely based on two points- some incomes and the standard of inequality in the overall distribution. However, the estimated of growth in income are gaining popularity. There is a regular kind of time series where there are some reliable sources, and it also utilizes different comparable theories which are not present sometimes. There are some countries that can be observed for some time and when time series data is not available for single countries any assessment of transition in the distribution of income will help in the development, and it should be based on what is known as cross country information (Giddens, 2013). The underlying theme in the debate builds on the trends present in income distribution, and it is also based on the development of past which is accompanied by the rising in inequality where poor can gain advantages is low from current overall growth. The concept of difference in income is there since ages, and the idea of globalization has gained a lot of force in the current world economy. There are some views which work as a process which is advantageous and is considered a key to coming economic development in the world. The concept is both inevitable and also irreversible. There is other who regards it with some amount of hostility; in fact, there is fear in some cases as well which is based on the increase in the level of inequality in nations, the threat to employment and standard of living and slow progress in society. It is important to understand some concept and aspects of globalization which focus on recognizing different methods in which different countries can tap the advantaged of the overall process while also remaining more realistic about the overall potential and risks associated with it (Chambers, 2014). The concept of globalization also offers so many opportunities for world development in the real sense but is not evenly progressive. There are some countries which are becoming more and more integrated into the global economy quickly than other. Those countries that could integrate are the one that is on the path of faster growth and also reduced overall poverty. There are some outward based policies which are brought a lot of prosperity and dynamism. At the same time, when the living standard rises, it is possible to grow and develop from the democratic point of view, and economic issues like work standards and environment may reduce (Chambers, 2014). The overall crisis in the market which are emerging during the time of the 1990s have made it evident that there is a considerable amount of risk in globalization and one can expect the high level or risk in it. Risk comes from changing capital movement and the overall risk of environmental issues or degradation in social and economic level which is caused because of poverty (Castles et al., 2013). In developed countries, there are many investors to embrace the transformations in policies to (or intending to) building a strong economy and a financial system which is stronger that can manufacture a rapid amount of growth and make sure that level of poverty can be decreased (Castles et al., 2013). Conclusion There is unparallel economic growth with global per capita GDP is rising at a very fast rate. However, the overall increase is not very steady and the strongest expansion and the time of quick expansion in trade were accompanied by a different kind of business and later considered as financial or liberalization. In the wartime, the world turned the back number of internationalism or concept of globalization and number of counties went into closed kind of economies where an idea of protectionism and pervasiveness in capital control was familiar (Castles et al., 2013). Significant factors were existing in devastation where the growth in per-capita income fell to very low percentage during the time of 1950 and before. For rest of the time, when the population grew at unparalleled speed, per capita income development was above two percent and fastest was the speed at the date of the boom in a post-world war in many industrial based countries (Castles et al., 2013). Reference Blakely, E.J. and Leigh, N.G., 2013.Planning local economic development. Sage. Coale, A.J. and Hoover, E.M., 2015.Population growth and economic development. Princeton University Press. Duflo, E., 2012. Women empowerment and economic development.Journal of Economic Literature,50(4), pp.1051-1079. Lockwood, W.W., 2015.Economic development of Japan. Princeton University Press. MacBean, A., 2011.Export instability and economic development(Vol. 45). Routledge. Dobb, M., 2012.Soviet economic development since 1917. Routledge. Sumner, A., 2012. Where do the poor live?.World Development,40(5), pp.865-877. Bixler, H.J. and Porse, H., 2011. A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry.Journal of Applied Phycology,23(3), pp.321-335. Giddens, A., 2013.The third way: The renewal of social democracy. John Wiley Sons. Chambers, R., 2014.Rural development: Putting the last first. Routledge. Castles, S., De Haas, H. and Miller, M.J., 2013.The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world. Palgrave Macmillan.

English learning in Jordan-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Highlight the Various Socio-Cultural Implications and affects in the Use of English Language as Well as the Various Linguistic Issues that have a major Influence on the English Learning in Jordan. Answer: Introduction In present world, there is no doubt that English is regarded as the international or global language. English is considered as the language which has been spread across the globe in an extensive and dominating manner in almost all the fields comprising communication, education and international commerce. Jordan is not an exception to such a worldwide trend. There are several countries that have included English as the compulsory subject in the school curriculum so that it can contribute to the cultural, social, linguistic and personal development of the students. In countries like Jordan, English language is given high priority in the policy of foreign language. There are increasing numbers of issues which are faced by the EFL teachers in order to teach English in Jordan. Teaching English language in a foreign nation is a tough job and had to face a number of challenges too because of diverse cultural backgrounds, shorter time duration, different learning preferences and various othe r issues (Alhabahba, Pandian AND Mahfoodh, 2016). But with the increasing involvement of the Government and supporting policies, there are practices for resolving all these issues and to give English language as the status of national language of Jordan. History The official language of Jordan is Arabic and is spoken even by the various ethnic minorities who usually maintain their personal or own languages for their day-to-day lives. But there is continuous spread of English too looking towards the history of English in Jordan. There is a continuous spread of English language in Jordan both at the school as well as the university level which can be analysed by various reports and data in context with the continuously increasing number of students to be registered yearly in the department of English across the nation. In the period of early 1962, there was only a single department of English in Jordan country established at the city of Amman. Later to this in the period of 1976 to 1985, there was an increase in the number of departments of English and it reached to 3 (Drbseh, 2013). After that, in the period of 1986 to 2013, there was much interest developed for English language and the number raised to 30 of the total English departments in Jordan. Steaming appeared as an essential aspect as the flow of ten students ass continuously widening wishing to be registered under the English departments in comparison with the administrative expectations in respect with the students to be enrolled in English departments. With the increase in the number of graduates in the English subject, there was a corresponding increase in the teaching staff at the various Jordanian secondary schools as the demand for the EFL teachers kept on increasing with a faster pace. If the overall population is considered of the total English teachers present in Jordan, it is identified that there were around a total of 22 teachers in the year 1962 in the secondary schools of Jordan (Drbseh, 2013). But in the period of 1962 to 2013, there was a dramatic increased in the overall number of English teachers. In other words, it can also be illustrated that there are presently thousands of teachers who are currently teaching English in Jordanian universiti es and schools. There has been a sudden increase in the rate of individuals enrolling themselves in the departments for learning English as their first and prior language because of the key reason that maximum of the employment opportunities required the candidates to be efficient in English language. But in order to give importance to English, there are several issues comprising political,, socio-cultural and linguistic issue which are occurring and acting as the barricades in the faster reach and development of English language in Jordan (Drbseh, 2013). Political Background According to reports and data published by the statistics department of Jordans Ministry of Education, the total numbers of schools have increased to 6,614 in 2014 with a total of 1,846,963 students. There is a significant and vigorous role of the Ministry of Education of Jordan in the country in context with the delivery of education to the students ranging from Kindergarten to the 12th Grade. The compulsory stage of basic education at Jordan comprises of 1 to 10 grades and in that all the students are permitted to have free of cost education. But in the later stages which are after the Basic Education, the total scores of the 10th, 9th and 8th grades are calculated for determining that on which track the individual students are qualified to apply for (Alhabahba, Pandian and Mahfoodh, 2016). The vocational elementary and the academic elementary education are few of those academic tracks. Before the process of calculation of the grades, the students have to submit an application in r espect with the track to be selected by the students. But the final decision is in the hands of the Ministry of Education fob Jordan. The power is also in the hands of the Vocational Training Corporation and the Ministry of Education regarding the teaching and learning of English languages. But there is increased level of political uncertainty in Jordan which is one of the biggest challenge for English language in Jordan. The nation is a constitutional monarchy and is highly governed and ruled by the Islamic Action Front, the only political party of Jordan and thus there is a huge emphasis of having Arabic language as the most prominently used and the official language of the country (Alhabahba, Pandian and Mahfoodh, 2016). Socio-cultural impacts on English language and linguistic issues There is a strong association among the culture, society and the language to the sociolinguistics field. Sociolinguistics studies the association between the society and the language. The inseparable and strong links among culture, society and they language ensures the societys economic subsistence and is significant in regards with the cultural and social impact of English (Bannier, 2016). The emphasis on developing EIL i.e. English as International language concerns the association among the global spread of English language across the global borders and various groups of individuals within the communities, each with a diverse traditional and ethnic culture and language, since the period of colonialism to the present age of globalisation. The spread of EIL as exploitive not only substitutes other languages but also displaces them as in Jordan; the uses of English are displacing the existence of Arabic language as well as impose a new mental structures on the individual learners (Ch oi and Lee, 2008). Such mental structures are considered as the ideologies that the Westerners take use of for justifying their individual culture and pose these ideas on other people. With the continuous globalisation and modernisation, the culture of the society and English learning is inseparable. There are several negative implications upon the socio-cultural factors and that become the reason of criticism for English language teaching in Jordan as for not comprising if the cross-cultural studies as a central part as well as for not having any kind of principled consideration which results in claiming the English language as guilty for promoting linguistic imperialism in the country (Crystal, 2012). The culture is considered as similarly significant as communication for the individual idemtity of the people are both of them are relayed to the economic subsistence as the key consideration, therefore the colonization objects to the displacement of the individual identity of the colonized. It had to restrain their resistance by marginalizing and forcing people to learn English as the language of the colonizers (Dalton-Puffer, 2011). And this is one of the reasons behind the people of Jordan to consider English learning as inseparable from the culture and resulting economic inequality with increased development of EIL. The observation of the people of lack of cross-cultural studies is also considered as true with increasing use of English. Perhaps the most disturbing and violent outcome among all the impacts of English is to develop the arrogance of the English-speaking leaders (Elyas and Picard, 2010). English is no doubt a status symbol of various nations in comparison with their official language and sadly in respect with Arabic language in Jordan. It is an increasing realisation that English as an International language is becoming adopted by the individuals who usually speak it as a second language (Hanafi, 2011). The non-native individuals who speak English are more than the two-thirds of the potential speakers of English in the country. English language is presently recognized as the most principal international language of the world. In the upcoming future, there are extreme chances of increasing number of people learning and speaking English as their first language which will ultimately pose a number of issues and threats to the socio-cultural factor and thus resulting in restraining people from taking use of English (Garton, Copland and Burns, 2011). It is fair to illustrate that English is no longer considered as a language of any particular or specific group of individuals and that it is not merely the consumer of the tradition of Western-Anglo-Sax on. English is one of the most adaptable and fastest growing languages across the world and in Jordan also and this is a major factor behind the various socio-cultural issues and challenges due to the loss and displacement of they official language of the country from various parts of the nation (Gndara and Hopkins, 2010). There are number of issues which are there in English language and the first and the foremost issue is the amount of officially allotted time which is there for education of English language, specifically in the secondary and the primary schools. The limited time for English learning is one of the major causes behind the restricted development of English language. There is no specific agreement behind the initiating of foreign language learning in the schools (Hinkel, 2011). There are various linguistic issues as the teachers take use of English only in teaching the English language and it results in a number of issues. English is now considered as a global language and there are several negative aspects also which give rise to a number of issues and challenges. An international language might develop an elite class with the native English speakers who take benefit of the possibility to work faster their specific mother-tongue (Huwari and Aziz, 2011). If this was the situation then i t may result in their benefits at the expense of those individuals who have some other language as their mother-tongue and in such a manner that there develops a linguistic gap (Ilieva, 2010). The English language posses a history which is sometimes violent and cruel in context with war and colonialism and the countries assumes a threat of future dominance in Jordan as the use of English as a global language. Being an international language, it becomes difficult and unwilling for the individuals to learn any other language as well as having increased use of the official language i.e. Arabic. Making a single language as the global language i.e. English becomes difficult, impoverished and technical for the non-native speakers of Jordan and expressing of oneself becomes difficult due to the use of a single language (Jobo, 2013). English is posing a dominant and increasing pressure upon the Arabic language and there are number of sectors in Jordan where English is placed at the first position in use. The places or the sectors that have vibrant use of English are at the airports, in businesses, scientific studies, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and tourism sector. All these areas have a significant and dominant use of English language which is offering a unique position to English language in the country and as a result there is also upsurge spread of the English language across the country (Khati, 2011). But at a number of places there are challenges and issues that are rising with a constant speed restricting and limiting the use of English because of a number of factors. There are also various ethnic diversities which are there in the field of education that impacts the use of English language. There are various cultural groups as well as individual preferences which impacts the learning of the English language as people with distinct learning preferences have a diverse set of ability and skills towards learning EFL as well as it also results in a number of issues for the EFL teachers in making the individuals learn (Liou, 2010). In spite of the various potential affordances of number of quality instructional programs which helps in promoting the English language, the new standards impose a number of challenges which are required to be considered at the time of preparing the teachers for the English education programs (Pradhan, 2013). The various researches has identified that the successful teachers of English language require effective knowledge of the learners, the effective practices, language and the content so atht there can be offered adequate learning. There is also an issue related to the understanding as the teachers are required to have a great experience of the second language learning so that there can be positive attitudes toward the various other learners of English. The various New Standards impose an additional requirement and demands (Mitchell, Myles and Marsden, 2013) There is a need of well-prepared teachers who can demonstrate complete knowledge of the English language to various levels a ccording to the demand and standards. They are required to support the learners at the time of analysing As well as producing the texts of linguistic demand they are required to take use of the language of the various content areas so that there can be a support to the scientific, historical and mathematical conversations and to comprehend and produce texts in those specific content areas (Mamo and Yigzaw, 2016). Conclusion English language is no doubt the most preferred, recognized and commonly sues languages across the globe and had also attained the recognition of the global language. In almost all the nations including them various Asian countries too, there is a continuous use of English language in the various sectors as well as in industries. In the primary and secondary schools there is increasing phase on English learning in order to have a status symbol as well as to compete in the global world and take use of enormous opportunities available in the business world. From this report, it can be concluded that there is a set history of the use of the English language but in present toe there is a need to have effective learning of English in almost all the countries. They report states that the political background does not support entirely to the use of English in Jordan but have both a positive as well as a negative side. From the report and the analysis, it can be stated that there are number of socio-cultural impacts as well as linguistic issues that are required to be overcome fore having successful learning of English as well as its use in the foreign countries. References Alhabahba, M. M., Pandian, A., Mahfoodh, O. H. A. (2016). English language education in Jordan: Some recent trends and challenges.Cogent Education,3(1), 1156809. Bannier, B. J. (2016). Global trends in transnational education.International Journal of Information and Education Technology,6(1), 80. Choi, Y. H., Lee, H. W. (2008). Current trends and issues in English language education in Asia.The Journal of AsiaTEFL,5(2), 1-34. Crystal, D. (2012).English as a global language. Cambridge university press. Dalton-Puffer, C. (2011). Content-and-language integrated learning: From practice to principles?.Annual Review of applied linguistics,31, 182-204. Drbseh, M. M. H. (2013). The spread of English language in Jordan.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,3(9). Elyas, T., Picard, M. (2010). Saudi Arabian educational history: Impacts on English language teaching.Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues,3(2), 136-145. Gndara, P., Hopkins, M. (2010). English learners and restrictive language policies.New York, Columbia University, Teachers College. Garton, S., Copland, F., Burns, A. (2011). Investigating global practices in teaching English to young learners.London: British Council. Hanafi, S. (2011). University systems in the Arab East: Publish globally and perish locally vs publish locally and perish globally.Current Sociology,59(3), 291-309. Hinkel, E. (Ed.). (2011).Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning(Vol. 2). Routledge. Huwari, I. F., Aziz, N. H. A. (2011). Writing apprehension in English among Jordanian postgraduate students at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM).Academic Research International,1(2), 190. Ilieva, R. (2010). Non-native Englishspeaking teachers' negotiations of program discourses in their construction of professional identities within a TESOL program.Canadian Modern Language Review,66(3), 343-369. Jobo, M. M. (2013). Socio-cultural Factors Challenging Classroom Interaction in Multilingual EFL Classrooms and Instructional Strategies for Overcoming the Challenges.Open Science Repository Language and Linguistics, (open-access), e23050418. Khati, A. R. (2011). When and why of mother tongue use in English classrooms.Journal of NELTA,16(1-2), 42-51. Liou, Y. S., . (2010). Who wants EIL? Attitudes towards English as an international language: A comparative study of college teachers and students in the greater Taipei area.College English: Issues and Trends,3, 133-157. Mamo, B., Yigzaw, A. (2016). EFL teachers conceptions and attitudes of peer-assisted learning in English classes.Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences,11(2)s, 17-32. Mitchell, R., Myles, F., Marsden, E. (2013).Second language learning theories. Routledge. Pradhan, A. K. (2013). English for Specific Purposes--Research Trends, Issues and Controversies.Language in India,13(9).